NOV 24 Newsletter

NOVEMBER NEWSLETTER

Leptospirosis in Dogs

What is Leptospirosis?

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection that is zoonotic, meaning it can affect both humans and animals. The bacteria is generally found in contaminated water or soil, and the most common source of infection is by coming into contact with the urine of an infected animal (wildlife and/or other pets or livestock). Ultimately, leptospirosis infection can result in severe damage to the liver and kidneys.

Symptoms

Not all animals that are exposed become sick, and some that do may have mild cases. However, some cases can be severe and even life-threatening. Symptoms may vary and can often be vague, such as lethargy, dehydration, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and inappetence. Unfortunately, these vague signs can mimic other illnesses, making the diagnosis of Leptospirosis difficult.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is difficult. Your veterinarian may suspect Leptospirosis based on clinical signs and blood work results, but a definitive diagnosis is made by sending urine and blood to an outside lab for further testing.

Treatment

Severe cases generally require hospitalization, with IV fluids, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and supportive care for vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. Generally, rechecks of blood work are required during the stay and after discharge to check for residual kidney and liver damage.

Prevention

American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) recommends that vaccination for Leptospirosis be considered part of the core vaccination program for dogs. It is recommended to be administered annually.

Common Misconceptions

1. “I have a little dog that rarely leaves the house, she only goes outside to potty, she doesn’t need it, right?”
   • Unfortunately, these little dogs constitute a large portion of the patients we see with Leptospirosis. Any wildlife traveling through your backyard could potentially lead your pup to being exposed and potentially infected to the bacteria.

2. Reactions to the vaccination
   • Historically, the Leptospirosis vaccination was considered to be one of the canine vaccines with the highest reaction rate. However, with advances in technology, it is considered just as safe as the rest of the recommended vaccinations, even in small breed dogs.

The biggest takeaway with Leptospirosis, is that it is a ZOONOTIC disease and can potentially be passed to you or your family members if your dog becomes infected.